General History
Canada in the Making
http://www.canadiana.org/citm/themes/pioneers_e.html
Canada's constitutional history,; Aboriginals: Treaties and Relations; Pioneers and immigrants.
Canada Welcomes its Two Millionth Immigrant Since 1945
http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-69-1985-12743-10/on_this_day/life_society/twt
Yesterday, Annette Toft was just a 16-year-old girl aboard an ocean liner bound for Canada and a new life. Today, she's an instant celebrity. CBC Archives, December 3, 1960
Canadian Century Research Infrastructure
http://www.canada.uottawa.ca/ccri/CCRI/related.projects.htm
This page serves as a hub of a series of subsequent pages with resources for researchers interested in Canadian social history, censuses and the enumeration process. The information you will find here relates particularly to the period 1911 - 1951 but also extends back to 1852 and forward to 2006.
Canadian Council for Refugees : A hundred years of immigration to Canada, 1900 – 1999
http://www.web.net/~ccr/history.html
A chronology prepared by the Canadian Council for Refugees focusing on refugees and discrimination.
Canadian Council for Refugees: Deporting Immigrant Workers from Canada, 1910-1935
http://www.web.net/~ccr/workerdep.htm
The early 20th century was a time of extensive labour strife in Canada… Foreign-born workers were predominantly confined to the most exploitative and least secure jobs. As a result, many turned to organized labour to promote and protect their interests. This gave business and government leaders an excuse to blame immigrants for labour unrest and deny its domestic roots in the Canadian economic system. It also, to their minds, justified their deportation.
Canandian Encyclopedia : Immigration - Late 20th Century
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC822291
Through much of the 1990s the number of entrepreneurial or business immigrants rose dramatically, eventually reaching 6% of all immigrants entering Canada. Of these, appreciable numbers of entrepreneurial-class immigrants have come from Hong Kong, many seeking a safe harbour for themselves, their families and their assets in advance of the Chinese takeover of Hong Kong in 1997. It was natural that many should respond to Canada's invitation and the opportunities offered for capital investment in Canada. As a result, Canada became a prime destination for Hong Kong and other Chinese immigration and for capital in flight. Hong Kong and other Chinese immigration has been especially pronounced in larger urban areas such as Vancouver and Toronto, where the Chinese community now constitutes the largest immigrant groups. Most of these entrepreneurial-class immigrants did not arrive speaking English or French, and this has led to calls for tougher language requirements for those coming to Canada. An economic slowdown in Asia in the late 1990s reduced the number of immigrants to Canada and was partly responsible for Canada's failure to reach its projected annual target for immigration admissions in the past several years, approximately 220 000 immigrants or 1% of the Canadian population.
Canadian Genealogy Centre
http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/022/f2/jeu-3-en.pdf
Welcome to the Pack Up and Go! game. Find out more about the history of Canadian immigration as you match each push factor (reason for leaving a place) and pull factor (reason for choosing a place) with the correct time period. 1604-2000
Canadian History
http://www.northernblue.ca/cblog/
History of Canada Online - searchable image bases, text libraries, activity sets, courseware, quotations, glossaries, biographies, Web links, quizzes and other quality features.
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Canadian Immigration Reports
http://www.theshipslist.com/Forms/reportcanada.htm
Selected extracts from immigration and quarantine reports, for Quebec PQ., Halifax, NS, and St, John, NB, from the Canada Sessional Papers for the 1870s. Halifax and St. John reports contain details of ship arrivals.
Canadian Passenger List Records
http://www.theshipslist.com/Research/canadarecords.htm
Description of passenger lists, how to find them, and what their significance might be for researchers in genealogy and immigration studies.
Canadian Settlement Patterns
http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume1/chapter5/chapter5.htm
“Before 1800, settlement in British North America remained confined on the Atlantic seaboard and along the banks of the St. Lawrence River to its headwaters in the Great Lakes. All this dramatically changed throughout 19th century Canada as an explosive assault on the pristine Canadian wilderness drove a pattern of settlement across the continent in a single century: from sea unto sea.”
Canadiana
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Unofficial/Canadiana/README.html
Canadian Resource Page: media, facts and figures; government services; politics and history; science and education; technology, commerce, and industry; heritage, culture and entertainment. Last update 2000
Coming Canadians: An Introduction to a History of Canada's Peoples http://www.utpjournals.com/product/chr/703/peoples34.html
Book review of work written by Jean R. Burnet with Howard Palmer
Coming to Canada
http://www.saskschools.ca/~gregory/settlers1.html
Some of the homesteaders who settled in western Canada came from Ontario and Quebec. Some came from the United States. Others came from different countries in Europe. People who come from one country to live in another are called immigrants.
Crossroads of Culture
http://search.civilization.ca/dwesearch.asp?showDoc=120084&page=1&
resultsetToken=IKT000021311.1162953521&Lang=en&docType=
Exploring 200 years of Canadian Immigration, 1800-2000. Since the 1960s, the Canadian Museum of Civilization has been collecting immigrant artifacts and documenting cultural traditions to preserve, promote, exhibit and research that heritage.
Forging Our Legacy
http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/legacy/chap-1.html
Canadian citizenship and immigration, 1900-1977... At no time has immigration played a greater role in Canadian history than during the twentieth century. In fact, without the immigrants who have settled in all areas of the country since the turn of the century, Canada would not be the culturally rich, prosperous, and progressive nation that it is today.
Great Depression of Canada
http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/canadianhistory/depression/depression.html
Throughout the years of 1929 to 1939, there was a world wide depression and Canada was one of the worst affected countries. Financially and economically the country began to collapse regardless of what was done by political power.
Historica (The Canadian Encyclopedia)
http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com
Discover the richness of Canada’s history.
Historical statistics of Canada
http://dsp-psd.communication.gc.ca/Collection/Statcan/11-516-XIE/11-516-XIE.html
Jointly produced by the Social Science Federation of Canada and Statistics Canada in 1983. This volume contains about 1,088 statistical tables on the social, economic and institutional conditions of Canada from the start of Confederation in 1867 to the mid-1970s.
History of Canada
http://canadaonline.about.com/od/history/
Explore Canadian history with resources on people, places and events from Canada's past, including Canadian Confederation, symbols, emblems and traditions, the participation of Canada in the World Wars and the Korean War, and history pictures and maps.
History of Immigration to Canada
http://canadaonline.about.com/od/historyofimmigration/
Learn more about the people who helped build and populate Canada from this selection of resources on the history of immigration to Canada, mainly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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House of Commons Heritage Collection
http://www.parl.gc.ca/Collections/splash_intro-e.htm?Language=E
The website has been designed to provide information on some of the over 5,000 artifacts in the House of Commons Heritage Collection in the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa. Reproduction of significant paintings.
Immigrant Voices
http://www.canadianhistory.ca/iv/main.html
Ideal for secondary students, Immigrant Voices includes hundreds of images, documents, maps, and graphs (including interactive maps and graphs and panorama images). The narrative was written by post-secondary students and scholars and reviewed by professional historians.
Immigrants to Canada
http://ist.uwaterloo.ca/~marj/genealogy/thevoyage.html
Emigration Information of the Nineteenth Century
And Ships They Came On… The information on these pages has been extracted from various government records, as well as the odd shipping record (mostly from the Allan Line). It contains, voyage accounts, emigration information, lists of ships sailing to Canada, information on the ports, and on the people.
Immigration and Ethnic History Society
http://www.iehs.org/
Promotes the study of the history of immigration to the United States and Canada from all parts of the world.
Immigration Novels and the Immigrant Experience
http://www.northernblue.ca/cblog/index.php?/archives/
391-Immigration-Novels-and-the-Immigrant-Experience.html
A short list of novels written by immigrants to Canada from the 1700s to the present.
Immigration to Western Canada
http://www.civilization.ca/educat/oracle/modules/ckitzan/page01_e.html
Together these men and women from different countries and cultures played an important
role in developing the Prairie West and its unique identity. In so doing, they also contributed to the development of the country as a whole.
Library and Archives Canada
Projecting Images of the Nation: The Immigration Program and Its Use of Lantern Slides.
http://www.collectionscanada.ca/04/042428_e.html
Sifton's immigration policy welcomed almost any immigrant willing to work the land; however, his successor, Frank Oliver, introduced a more racially and culturally-restrictive immigration policy after 1905, favouring Anglo-Saxon immigrants who were deemed most able to assimilate. Consequently, most of the recruiting activity after this time took place in the English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish countryside, in order to attract potential farmers and agricultural workers who fit the new, more restrictive standard for " desirable" immigrants.
National Archives of Canada - Miscellaneous Immigration Index
http://www.ingeneas.com/free/
Use the InGeneas search engine to explore your Canadian roots.
Origins of Canada's Geographical Names
http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/education/index_e.php
Information on the names of Canada's provinces, territories, and capital cities; origins of some Aboriginal community names; and a variety of articles on interesting names across the country.
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Pier 21Society
http://www.pier21.ca/
Pier 21 in the Halifax port is a National Historical Site where one million immigrants landed between 1928-1971.“From the twenties to the seventies, Pier 21 was Canada's 'front door' to over a million immigrants, wartime evacuees, refugees, troops, war brides and their children. It opened in 1928 and closed in 1971. Pier 21, a National Historic Site, has been transformed into a testament to Canada's profoundly emotional immigration experience. The sheer impact of the interactive displays, virtual projections and abundance of fascinating images is simply overwhelming.”
A Search for Belonging: Teachers’ Resource Booklet
http://www.passagestocanada.com/PTCeng.pdf
The Passages to Canada Teachers’ Resources have been designed to provide educators with the tools to explore the human dimension of immigration. Through the first-person stories of six leading authors who have immigrated to Canada, this guide challenges students to go beyond the history and geography of immigration in Canada and start thinking about the immigrant experience as a personal search for identity and belonging.
Teaching & Learning About Canada
http://www.canadainfolink.ca/teach.htm
Information and links for teachers and students dealing with Canadian geography, history, politics, time zones, maps, etc.
The Third Wave: Cultures arriving between 1945 – 1956
http://projects.cbe.ab.ca/ict/2learn/jkshpur/2cultures/3rdwave.html
What were the reasons for this culture leaving their country? For what were they hoping? What did they find in Canada? What did they face? How has this culture changed Canada? How has Canada changed this culture?
Topics in Canadian Immigration History: Comparative Perspectives on Class, Gender and Race-Ethnicity
http://www.mun.ca/cclh/llt/teach/hist1166.html
Course outline for History 1166 taught at Memorial University of Newfoundland.
Virtual Museum of Canada
http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/English/index_noflash.html
Use the Search option to identify images, learning activities and museums relating to immigration in general or to specific immigration communities in particular.
A happy return by rail
http://thechronicleherald.ca/Metro/539401.html
The war brides originally came here as fresh-faced newlyweds during and after the Second World War. Most of them arrived in Canada, at Pier 21 in Halifax, 60 years ago this year. Now, the majority are grandparents in their 80s. Some are great-grandmothers. November 2006.
Women and Immigration Timeline
http://www.criaw-icref.ca/indexFrame_e.htm
1600s - 2002
Young Immigrants to Canada
http://www.dcs.uwaterloo.ca/~marj/genealogy/homeadd.html
Researching all organizations which brought children and young women to Canada between 1833 and 1939.
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Immigrant Communities
Black History Canada
http://www.blackhistorycanada.ca/
1605 to present - Internet resources on Canada's black history: stories, experiences, and accomplishments of people of African origin. Black history did not begin in recent times in Canada, but in ancient times in Africa. People connected by their common African history and ancestry have created Black history here. The African-Canadian population is made up of individuals from a range of places across the globe including the United States, South America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, and Canada.
Blacks in Canada: A long history
http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=11-008-X20030046802
This analysis examines the historical and current residential settlement patterns of Blacks, and the places of birth of Black immigrants, especially those who arrived during the 1990s. In addition, the labour market experience of Blacks and some family characteristics are explored..
Chinese Immigration
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/china/chinese_immigration.html
CBC News backgrounder on Chinese immigration. Topics include: Bitter labour, Humiliation Day, Post-war revival, Bridge builders, Boatpeople. CBC News Online,
updated June 10, 2004
Community, Leadership & Government: Canadian Women of Chinese Heritage
http://www.sen.parl.gc.ca/vpoy/english/Special_Interests/speeches/
Speech_YWCA_HK_85th_031205.htm
Speech by Senator Vivian Poy to the YWCA in Hong Kong, December 3, 2005. “I wonder how many of you know that there were very few Chinese women in Canada before WW2. It was partly because of the Chinese culture and tradition of leaving the women behind in China to look after their mothers-in-laws and the children, as well as to tend the graves of their ancestors. The Chinese exclusion in Canadian legislation also played a large part in preventing Chinese men in Canada from sending for their wives and family members between 1923 and 1947.”
Moments of Chinese Canadian History
http://www.ccnc.ca/toronto/history/timeline.html
1788 to Present.
1788: John Meare arrives in Nootka Sound on Canada's Pacific coast, with two ships and 50 Chinese carpenters and craftsmen. They build a two-storied fort and a schooner, but are later captured by the Spanish and taken to Mexico...
Egyptians in Canada
http://www.multiculturalcanada.ca/mcc/ecp/content/egyptians.html
Egyptians in Canada are of various ethnic and religious backgrounds which reflect the diversity that characterized the population of Egypt in the nineteenth and for most of the twentieth centuries.
Hellenic Museum and Cultural Center - Oral History Program
http://www.ohfs.org/OralHistory.htm
A collaboration between the Orpheus Hellenic Folklore Society and the Hellenic Museum and Cultural Center: To gather information that captures the Greek immigrant experience for the intention of providing material for the HMCC archives.
The First Hungarians in North America
http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume7/countries/hungary.html
According to official statistical sources, in 1901 there were approximately 1,500 Hungarians in Canada; by 1914 their numbers had substantially increased to 15,000. Although, at the turn of the century, Hungarian immigrants lived mostly in the Canadian countryside, it was shortly thereafter that Hungarian associations and churches were being established in many cities including Winnipeg (Manitoba), Sydney (Nova Scotia), and Niagara Falls, Welland, Hamilton, Windsor, and Brantford, in Ontario.
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Transnational geographies: Indian immigration to Canada
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1541-0064.00020
Immigration from India has traditionally been tightly regionalised, with the majority of immigrants originating from the Doaba area of Punjab. Settlement in Canada is also highly concentrated at the provincial, metropolitan and suburban scales.
A Story To Be Told
http://www.astorytobetold.ca/home.html
Fifty years of personal accounts of the Irish Immigrant experience in Canada... This project seems bountiful both in the possibilities of interesting people to encounter and the richness in which the Irish can tell their story.
History of Italian Emigration to Canada
http://www.albertasource.ca/abitalian/background/canoverview.html
Italians have been coming to Canada for many years—the most illustrious being Giovanni Caboto [John Cabot]. In the 18th century and early part of the 19th century, they came as mercenaries and even missionaries… The real push to emigrate came with the unification of Italy.
The Italian Immigrant Experience
http://www.ourroots.ca/e/toc.aspx?id=9282
Online text prepared by John Potestio and Antonio Pucci. Examines both the North American and Canadian trends in Italian immigration. Learning packages for students and teachers.
Jamaicans in Canada: A Brief History
http://www.jamaicans.com/jamaicansoverseas/toront/history-4.shtml
Site contains link to Jamaicans in Canada: A Detailed History
Japanese Canadians: East To West
http://collections.ic.gc.ca/japanese/
The story of Japanese settlement in Southern Alberta told through the personal memories of the children of the settlers themselves.
Jewish Women in Canada: An Evolving Role
http://www.bnaibrith.ca/institute/millennium/millennium12.html
Jewish women in Canada have not been perceived as engaged in the same quality and quantity of activities as their American counterparts. In addition, the historical role and experiences of Canadian Jewish women have not been well documented. What are the legitimate inferences of such disparities? Does that imply that Canada is “behind” the United States when it comes to the evolving role of Jewish women?
The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Canada
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/canada.html
Reviews the Jewish immigrant experience in Canada from the French period to the
present day.
Canada’s Muslims - An Unnoticed Part of Our History
http://muslim-canada.org/cdnmuslm.htm
Islam and Muslims are not new to Canada. The documented history of Muslims in Canada dates from the mid-19th century.
Ukrainian Canadians
http://collections.ic.gc.ca/plast/ukrcan/ukrcan3_e.htm
First Immigration to Canada, First World War, Second Immigration, Second World War, Third Immigration, Recent Trends
A Demographic And Socioeconomic Profile Of The Vietnamese Community In Canada
http://ceris.metropolis.net/Virtual%20Library/community/pfeifer1/pfeifer1.html
Article by Dr. Mark E. Pfeifer presents a brief demographic and socioeconomic overview of the Vietnamese population in Canada… drawn from a special tabulation as part of the 1996 census by Statistics Canada… While the figures presented here must be assessed carefully due to a likely undercount, the data utilized does present a useful general demographic and socioeconomic portrait of the Vietnamese population in Canada.
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1929
Canadian Pacific
Railway crew
1929
School children
with teacher
Gainford Canadian
Pacific Railway colony
Alberta
ca. 1922
"
Building the Nation"
Canada's Great
Problem - Immigration
^
Source: Photo Archives
http://www.canada
photos.info/ |
General History | Immigrant Communities